The Jodrell Bank Observatory, which has housed the UK's largest telescope for nearly 70 years, has lost its funding and could now close, the BBC understands.

The observatory and its network of telescopes have been pivotal to the country's study of distant galaxies and training future astronomers. Scientists have described the decision as "heartbreaking" and "scientifically misguided".

All scientific observations at Jodrell are expected to cease on the 1 April 2028 unless alternative funding can be found.

The funding body, the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) agency, said it had to focus investment on projects that deliver "the greatest long-term impact".

Prof Brian Cox, professor of particle physics at the University of Manchester - which hosts Jodrell Bank Observatory - described the cuts as "hasty and ill-considered".

"The damage to the UK's science base has already been substantial. I am astonished that UKRI are still ploughing ahead and not working with the Burnham government to find a solution," he said.

In response, Jonathan Reynolds, who is the new Secretary of State in the expanded business department that now has responsibility for science, told BBC News that the UK's world class research was "absolutely central to creating a better future for the UK".

"I am committed to working with UKRI to ensure the UK remains able not only to sustain its world-leading research capabilities, but also to invest in the next generation of scientific facilities and infrastructure that will underpin discovery, innovation and growth in the years ahead."

The Jodrell Bank site was first established in 1945 and pioneered radio astronomy and the study of galaxies beyond our own.

It was also pivotal during the Cold War, when it was used to monitor Soviet missiles during the height of nuclear tensions between the USSR and Nato powers.

Its contribution to global scientific efforts earned it Unesco World Heritage status in 2019.

But the UKRI, which has an annual budget of just under £10bn, says it has had to cut the observatory's annual £2.8m budget because planned research costs for physics and the running of its labs had escalated.

The announcement is part of broader cuts to astronomy, nuclear and particle physics research over the next four years which will also impact on other projects.

The UK will no longer participate in research at the James Clark Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii, which scientists are using to image supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies.

UKRI has also cut funding for the UK's involvement in two instruments on the Extremely Large Telescope which is being built in Chile to search for signs of life on other Earth-like worlds.

And a number of upgrades to improve experiments at the Large Hadron Collider will not be paid for by the agency.